1. Isakhelo soVavanyo lweeBanga ezi-4 zeNtsimbi engagqwaliyo ezingama-430

Isakhelo sovavanyo lwebanga le-4-dimension sentsimbi engagqwali engama-430 kwisicelo sokwenza izixhobo zasekhaya siquka ikhemistri yokwakheka, ukwakheka kwayo, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokuzinza kwexabiso lobonelelo. Isakhelo sebanga le-4-dimension yinkcazo eqhelekileyo yovavanyo lwebanga lokuthengwa komenzi wezixhobo zasekhaya, umthengisi wezixhobo zasekhitshini, kunye nomenzi wekhontrakthi yeempahla ezimhlophe ofuna ukusebenza rhoqo kwezinto kunye nobonelelo olungabizi kakhulu. Iqela lobunjineli beWowStainless libonelela ngamaxwebhu esakhelo sebanga le-4-dimension kunye nokuqinisekiswa kweenkcukacha zebanga ngalinye.

I-stainless steel grade 430 yintsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-ferritic eqhelekileyo enesakhiwo sekristali ye-cubic (BCC) esemzimbeni. I-stainless steel grade 430 yintsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-chromium kuphela ngaphandle kokongezwa kwe-nickel. I-stainless grade 430 yindlela efanelekileyo yokukhetha i-austenitic grade 304 kwisicelo sezixhobo zasekhaya zangaphakathi. Iqela lokuthenga kufuneka licele iinkcukacha ze-grade 430 kumthengisi kunye nokuhambelana kwe-ASTM A240 / EN 10088 ebhaliweyo. Ukuze ufumane isalathiso kwipotifoliyo ye-WowStainless cold rolled grade kunye nokukhetha ubukhulu, jonga kuiqengqeleke ngokubandayoiphepha lemveliso.

2. Ukwakhiwa kweKhemistri kunye nePropati yoMechanical

Ikhemistri yokwakheka kunye nepropathi yoomatshini zezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokuqinisekisa iqela lokuthenga elifanele lizivavanye. Ukwakheka okuqhelekileyo kwe-430 stainless steel grade kubandakanya i-16 ukuya kwi-18% ye-chromium, ngaphantsi kwe-0.12% yekhabhoni, ngaphantsi kwe-1% ye-manganese, ngaphantsi kwe-1% ye-silicon, ngaphantsi kwe-0.04% ye-phosphorus, ngaphantsi kwe-0.03% yesalfure, kunye ne-balance iron. I-430 grade ixhasa amandla okuvelisa angama-205 ukuya kwi-275 MPa kunye namandla okutsalwa angama-450 ukuya kwi-620 MPa ngokomgangatho we-ASTM A240. Iqela lokuthenga kufuneka licele isiqinisekiso sekhemistri yobushushu kumthengisi kunye nengxelo yepropathi yoomatshini ebhaliweyo.

Uthelekiso lokwakheka phakathi kwamanqanaba angama-430, angama-304, kunye nama-316L luphawu lwesibini lokuqinisekisa olufanele luvavanywe liqela lokuthenga. Udidi lwama-304 lune-18% ye-chromium kunye nolwakhiwo lwe-8% ye-nickel kunye nesakhiwo se-austenitic. Udidi lwama-316L lune-16% ye-chromium, i-10% ye-nickel, kunye nolwakhiwo lwe-2% ye-molybdenum kunye nesakhiwo se-austenitic. Udidi lwama-430 lunesakhiwo se-16 ukuya kwi-18% ye-chromium ngaphandle kokongezwa kwe-nickel kunye nesakhiwo se-ferritic. Iqela lokuthenga kufuneka lichaze ukhetho lodidi ngokwemfuno yesicelo sesixhobo sasekhaya.

3. Ukwakheka kwesicelo sezixhobo zasekhaya

Ukwakheka kwesicelo sesixhobo sasekhaya yinkcazo yesithathu yokuqinisekisa ekufuneka ihlolwe liqela elithengayo. Ibanga le-430 lixhasa umzobo ophakathi onzulu, ukugoba, kunye nokunyathela kwesicelo sesixhobo sasekhaya. Ibanga le-430 lixhasa ixabiso lovavanyo lwendebe ye-Erichsen eliyi-8 ukuya kwi-10 mm kuluhlu lobukhulu obuyi-0.5 ukuya kwi-1.0 mm. Ibanga le-430 lixhasa i-coefficient yaseLankford (ixabiso le-r) eliyi-1.0 ukuya kwi-1.4 kwicala elinqamlezileyo kunye ne-1.4 ukuya kwi-1.8 kwicala eliqengqelekayo.

Uthelekiso lokwakheka phakathi kwebanga le-430 kunye nebanga le-304 luphawu lwesine lokuqinisekisa olufanele luvavanywe liqela lokuthenga. Ibanga le-304 lixhasa ixabiso eliphezulu lovavanyo lwendebe ye-Erichsen eliyi-10 ukuya kwi-13 mm kuluhlu olufanayo lobukhulu. Ibanga le-304 lixhasa i-coefficient ephezulu yeLankford ye-1.0 ukuya kwi-1.5 kuzo zombini iindlela ezinqamlezileyo kunye neziqengqelekayo. Ibanga le-304 liyinto ekhethwayo kwisicelo somzobo onzulu ontsonkothileyo. Ibanga le-430 liyinto ekhethwayo kwisicelo somzobo onzulu olula kunye nesicelo sokwakheka esiphakathi.

Umda wokwakheka kwebanga le-430 yinkcazo yesihlanu yokuqinisekisa iqela lokuthenga elifanele liyivavanye. Ibanga le-430 lidla ngokuqhekeka kubunzulu bokuzoba obungaphezulu kwe-30 mm ubukhulu be-1.0 mm. Ibanga le-430 lifuna i-annealing ephakathi yesicelo sokudweba okunzulu okunezigaba ezininzi. Ibanga le-430 lixhasa i-radius yokugoba ye-1t ukuya kwi-2t kwi-gauge encinci kunye ne-radius yokugoba ye-2t ukuya kwi-3t kwi-gauge esemgangathweni. Iqela lokuthenga kufuneka licele amaxwebhu omda wokwakheka kobukhulu ngabunye kumthengisi kunye nengcebiso ebhaliweyo ye-annealing ephakathi.

4. Uvavanyo lokuxhathisa ukugqwala kunye neTyuwa yokutshiza

Ukumelana nokugqwala kunye novavanyo lokutshiza ngetyuwa zezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokuqinisekisa iqela elithengayo ekufuneka lizivavanye. Ibanga le-430 linovavanyo lokutshiza ngetyuwa (ASTM B117) oluyi-200 ukuya kwi-500 iiyure ngaphambi kokubonakala kokuqala kokugqwala. Ibanga le-304 linokumelana novavanyo lokutshiza ngetyuwa oluyi-500 ukuya kwi-1000 iiyure ngaphambi kokubonakala kokuqala kokugqwala. Ibanga le-316L linokumelana novavanyo lokutshiza ngetyuwa oluyi-1500 ukuya kwi-3000 iiyure ngaphambi kokubonakala kokuqala kokugqwala. Ibanga le-430 lelona sixhobo sicetyiswayo kwisixhobo sasekhaya sangaphakathi esinomswakama ophakathi.

Uthelekiso lwenani elilinganayo lokumelana neembobo (PREN) luvavanyo lwesixhenxe olufanele luvavanywe liqela lokuthenga. I-PREN ibalwa njenge-Cr% + 3.3 x Mo% + 16 x N%. Ibanga lama-430 line-PREN eliyi-16 ukuya kwi-18 (i-chromium kuphela, akukho molybdenum). Ibanga lama-304 line-PREN eliyi-18 ukuya kuma-20 (i-chromium kuphela, akukho molybdenum). Ibanga lama-316L line-PREN eliyi-25 ukuya kuma-28 (i-chromium + 2% molybdenum). Iqela lokuthenga kufuneka lichaze ukukhethwa kwebanga ngokweemfuno zokumelana neembobo kunye nemeko yokuvezwa ngaphandle.

5. Ukuwelda kunye nokuNyibilikisa emva kokuWelda

Ukuwelda kunye nokuqhoboshelwa emva kokuqhoboshelwa yinkcazo yesibhozo yokuqinisekisa iqela lokuthenga elifanele liyivavanye. Ukuqhoboshelwa kwebanga le-430 kulinganiselwe xa kuthelekiswa nebanga le-304. Ibanga le-430 lidla ngokwenza iinkozo ezirhabaxa kwindawo echaphazelekileyo bubushushu (HAZ) ngenkqubo eqhelekileyo yokuqhoboshelwa. Ibanga le-430 lidla ngokufuna ukuqhoboshelwa emva kokuqhoboshelwa kwi-650 ukuya kwi-800 degrees Celsius ukuze kubuyiselwe ukumelana nokuqhoboshelwa. Iqela lokuthenga kufuneka licele uxwebhu lwenkqubo yokuqhoboshelwa nganye kumthengisi.

Uthelekiso lwendlela yokuwelda luvavanyo lwesithoba olufanele luvavanywe liqela lokuthenga. I-TIG (tungsten inert gas) welding ixhasa i-430 grade nge-heat input ephantsi kunye ne-HAZ grain coarsening ephantsi. I-MIG (metal inert gas) welding ixhasa i-430 grade nge-heat input ephezulu kunye ne-HAZ grain coarsening ephezulu kancinci. I-resistance welding ixhasa i-430 grade ye-spot welding kunye ne-seam welding application. Iqela lokuthenga kufuneka licele uxwebhu lwendlela yokuwelda nganye kumthengisi kunye nengcebiso ye-post-weld annealing.

6. Uzinzo lweXabiso loNikezelo xa kuthelekiswa namaBanga angama-304 kunye nama-316

Uzinzo lwexabiso lobonelelo xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba angama-304 kunye nama-316 luphawu lweshumi olumele luvavanywe liqela lokuthenga. Ibanga lama-430 alinawo ukubonakaliswa kwexabiso le-nickel, nto leyo enika uzinzo olungcono lwexabiso lobonelelo xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba angama-304 kunye nama-316. Ibanga lama-430 lidla ngokuxhasa ixabiso eliphantsi eliyi-15% ukuya kuma-25% nge-kg xa kuthelekiswa nebanga lama-304 kunye nexabiso eliphantsi eliyi-25% ukuya kuma-35% nge-kg xa kuthelekiswa nebanga lama-316. Ibanga lama-430 lixhasa umenzi wezixhobo zasekhaya ngoqikelelo lwexabiso eliqikelelweyo kumjikelo wemveliso weenyanga ezili-12.

Uthelekiso lokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso luluhlu lweshumi elinanye lokuqinisekisa olufanele luvavanywe liqela lokuthenga. Ibanga le-430 linokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ngonyaka kwe-5% ukuya kwi-8% xa kuthelekiswa nexabiso le-chromium ye-LME (London Metal Exchange). Ibanga le-304 linokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ngonyaka kwe-10% ukuya kwi-15% xa kuthelekiswa ne-nickel ye-LME kunye nexabiso le-chromium. Ibanga le-316 linokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso ngonyaka kwe-15% ukuya kwi-20% xa kuthelekiswa ne-nickel ye-LME, i-chromium, kunye nexabiso le-molybdenum. Iqela lokuthenga kufuneka lichaze inqanaba le-430 kwisicelo sezixhobo zasekhaya ezixabisa kakhulu kunye noqikelelo lweendleko oluqikelelweyo.

Uhlalutyo lokuvezwa kwexabiso le-nickel ye-LME luvavanyo lweshumi elinesibini olufanele luvavanywe liqela lokuthenga. Ibanga le-430 linokuvezwa kwexabiso le-nickel ye-0% ye-LME ngokwesakhiwo se-chromium kuphela. Ibanga le-304 linokuvezwa kwexabiso le-nickel ye-8% ye-LME ngokwesakhiwo se-nickel ye-8%. Ibanga le-316L linokuvezwa kwexabiso le-nickel ye-10% ye-LME ngokwesakhiwo se-nickel ye-10%. Ibanga le-430 lixhasa umenzi wezixhobo zasekhaya ngokuvezwa kwe-LME okuqikelelweyo kunye noqikelelo lweendleko zeenyanga ezili-12. Iqela lokuthenga kufuneka licele uhlalutyo lokuvezwa kwe-LME ngokwebanga ngalinye kumthengisi onemodeli yoqikelelo lweendleko ebhaliweyo.

7. I-Matrix yoKhetho lweSicelo seZixhobo zaseKhaya

I-matrix yokukhetha isicelo sezixhobo zasekhaya yinkcazo yeshumi elinesibini yokuqinisekisa iqela elithengayo ekufuneka liyivavanye. Isicelo esiqhelekileyo sezixhobo zasekhaya kwi-430 stainless steel grade siquka ipaneli yangaphakathi yedishwasher, idrama yangaphakathi yomatshini wokuhlamba, udonga lwangaphakathi lwe-microwave oven, ipaneli yangaphakathi yefriji, isihluzi se-range hood, ibhodi yokukhupha amanzi ekhitshini, isiphatho socango lwefriji, i-inner yocango lwedishwasher, kunye nepaneli yangaphandle ye-oven. I-430 grade yeyona nto ikhethwayo kwisixhobo sasekhaya sangaphakathi esineemfuno zokugqwala eziphakathi kunye nokuhambelana okubonakalayo kwimagnethi.

Isicelo sephaneli yangaphakathi yomatshini wokuhlamba izitya sisiqinisekiso seshumi elinesithathu ekufuneka iqela elithengayo lisivavanye. Iphaneli yangaphakathi yomatshini wokuhlamba izitya idla ngokufuna inqanaba eliyi-0.4 ukuya kwi-0.6 mm 430 kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu we-2B. Iphaneli yangaphakathi yomatshini wokuhlamba izitya idla ngokuxhasa ukumelana netyuwa ye-ASTM B117 iiyure ezingama-200 ukuya kuma-350. Iphaneli yangaphakathi yomatshini wokuhlamba izitya idla ngokufuna ukunyamezelana komlinganiselo we-per-coil we-±0.02 mm. Iqela elithengayo kufuneka licele iinkcukacha zomatshini wokuhlamba izitya kumthengisi kunye nokuqinisekiswa kokunyamezelana komatshini nge-coil.

Ukusetyenziswa kwedrama yangaphakathi yomatshini wokuhlamba impahla yingcaciso yeshumi elinesine yokuqinisekisa ekufuneka ihlolwe liqela elithengayo. Idrama yangaphakathi yomatshini wokuhlamba impahla idla ngokufuna i-0.6 ukuya kwi-1.0 mm 430 grade ene-2B okanye ukugqitywa komphezulu oqaqambileyo ofakwe i-annealed. Idrama yangaphakathi yomatshini wokuhlamba impahla idla ngokuxhasa ukumelana ne-ASTM B117 yetyuwa yeeyure ezingama-300 ukuya kwezingama-500. Iqela elithengayo kufuneka licele iinkcukacha zedrama nganye kumthengisi ezine-reflected per-dimensional tolerance per-dimensional.

Ukuhambelana okubonakalayo kwimagnethi yinkcazo yokuqinisekisa yeshumi elinesithathu iqela elithengayo ekufuneka liyivavanye. Ibanga le-430 yintsimbi engagqwaliyo yemagnethi enomtsalane onamandla wemagnethi. Ibanga le-304 yintsimbi engagqwaliyo engeyomagnethi enomtsalane obuthathaka okanye ongenamagnethi. Ibanga le-316L yintsimbi engagqwaliyo engeyomagnethi enomtsalane obuthathaka okanye ongenamagnethi. Ibanga le-430 zizinto ezikhethwayo zokusetyenziswa okubonakalayo kwimagnethi njengegasket yocango lwefriji kunye nomphezulu wepheki yokungenisa. Iqela elithengayo kufuneka lichaze ukhetho lwebanga ngokweemfuno zokuhambelana okubonakalayo kwimagnethi.

8. Uluhlu loButyebi kunye nokuGqiba komphezulu

Uluhlu lobukhulu kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu zezona zinto zibalulekileyo zokuqinisekisa zeshumi elinesine ekufuneka iqela elithengayo lizihlole. Uluhlu lobukhulu oluqhelekileyo lwe-430 stainless steel grade kwisicelo sezixhobo zasekhaya luphakathi kwe-0.3 mm kunye ne-2.0 mm. I-thin gauge (0.3 ukuya kwi-0.5 mm) isetyenziselwa i-dishwasher inner panel kunye ne-range hood filter. I-medium gauge (0.5 ukuya kwi-1.0 mm) isetyenziselwa i-washing machine inner drum kunye ne-freezer inner panel. I-standard gauge (1.0 ukuya kwi-2.0 mm) isetyenziselwa i-kitchen sink kunye ne-oven outer panel.

Inkcazo yokugqitywa komphezulu yinkcazo yeshumi elinesihlanu yokuqinisekisa iqela lokuthenga elifanele liyivavanye. Ukugqitywa komphezulu okuqhelekileyo komgangatho wentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-430 kwisicelo sesixhobo sasekhaya kubandakanya i-2B (i-cold rolled + i-skin pass + i-acid pickling) yephaneli yangaphakathi, i-BA (ekhanyayo efakwe i-annealed) yephaneli yangaphandle, iNombolo 4 (i-brushed finish) ye-kitchen sink kunye ne-cango handle, kunye neNombolo 8 (i-mirror finish) yesixhobo sasekhaya esikumgangatho ophezulu. Iqela lokuthenga kufuneka licele amaxwebhu okugqitywa komphezulu ngamnye kumthengisi kunye nomlinganiselo woburhabaxa bomphezulu obhaliweyo.

9. Uluhlu lokuhlola lokuthengwa kwe-BOFU 430 Stainless Steel Grade oluneNyathelo ezi-5

Kwabavelisi bezixhobo zasekhaya, abathengisi bezixhobo zasekhitshini, kunye nabavelisi beekhontrakthi zeempahla ezimhlophe abakulungeleyo ukucacisa umgangatho wentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-430 kunye nesakhelo sovavanyo lwemilinganiselo emi-4, olu luhlu lulandelayo lwamanyathelo ama-5 ludibanisa iinkcukacha zokuqinisekisa ezivela kumacandelo angaphambili zibe luxwebhu olunye lweenkcukacha zokuthengwa.

1. Qinisekisa ukwakheka kwe-430 grade (16 ukuya kwi-18% Cr / ngaphantsi kwe-0.12% C) ngesatifikethi sekhemistri yobushushu obuvela kumthengisi.
2. Cacisa imfuneko yokwakheka (Erichsen 8 ukuya kwi-10 mm / Lankford 1.0 ukuya kwi-1.8) ngokomsebenzi wokuzoba nzulu wesixhobo sasekhaya.
3. Qinisekisa ukumelana nokugqwala (iiyure ezingama-200 ukuya kwezingama-500 ze-ASTM B117 ityuwa) ngokwemeko yokuchatshazelwa kukufuma kwezixhobo zasekhaya zangaphakathi.
4. Bhala phantsi inkqubo yokuwelda (TIG / MIG / ukumelana) kunye nengcebiso yokuwelda emva kokuwelda (650 ukuya kuma-800 degrees Celsius).
5. Cela uxwebhu lobungakanani bokutyeba/ukugqitywa komphezulu ngamnye/i-MOQ/ixesha lokuqalisa kumthengisi kunye neshedyuli yemveliso ngokweenkcukacha.

Kwabavelisi bezixhobo zasekhaya kunye namaqela okuthenga izixhobo zasekhitshini afumana umgangatho we-430 stainless steel, ezi zixhobo zilandelayo zoshishino zibonelela ngedatha ehambelanayo kwimigangatho ye-ferritic stainless steel kunye nesakhelo sokuthobela izixhobo zasekhaya.I-ASTM yaMazwe ngaMazweipapasha umgangatho we-ASTM A240 we-chromium kunye nepleyiti yentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-chromium-nickel, ishiti, kunye neenkcukacha ze-strip.Umbutho Wezizwe Ngezizwe Wokumisela Imigangatho (ISO)ipapasha umgangatho we-ISO 9445 wokunyamezelana kwe-stainless steel flat rolled dimensional tolerance.IKomiti yaseYurophu yoKumisa iMigangatho (i-CEN)ipapasha umgangatho we-EN 10088 womgangatho wentsimbi engagqwaliyo yaseYurophu.Iforam yeHlabathi yeNtsimbi Engagqwaliyo (ISSF)ipapasha idatha yemarike yentsimbi engagqwali ye-ferritic kunye nesikhokelo sokusetyenziswa ngakunye.UL (IiLabhoratri ze-Underwriters)ipapasha umgangatho we-UL 858 wokhuseleko lwezixhobo zokupheka zombane zasekhaya kunye nomgangatho we-UL 749 wokhuseleko lwesixhobo sokuhlamba izitya sasekhaya.

Kwabavelisi bezixhobo zasekhaya, abathengisi bezixhobo zasekhitshini, kunye nabavelisi beekhontrakthi zeempahla ezimhlophe abakulungeleyo ukucacisa umgangatho wentsimbi engagqwaliyo engama-430 kunye nesakhelo sovavanyo lwe-4-dimension, iqela lobunjineli leWowStainless linokubonelela ngesatifikethi sekhemistri ngebanga ngalinye, ingxelo yovavanyo lokufaneleka, amaxwebhu okumelana nokugqwala, kunye namaxwebhu enkqubo yokuwelda. Iqela lobunjineli leWowStainless lixhase abavelisi bezixhobo zasekhaya ngokusasazwa okubhaliweyo kulo lonke i-EU, eMntla Melika, eJapan, eKorea, nakwiimarike zase-Southeast Asia. Hlaziya iWowStainlessikhathalogu yeemveliso iphepha lesi-4ukuze ufumane umgca wemveliso webanga lama-430 kunye neenkcukacha zobungakanani bayo, okanye undwendwele iIphepha lasekhaya leWowStainlessukuze ufumane ipotifoliyo epheleleyo yemveliso.

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